Class7 Civics

Democracy and Equality

A. 1. Democracy is a form of government in which the people govern themselves.

3. Franchise is the right to vote to elect representatives when one has reached the voting age. In India the voting age is 18 years.

B1. India is a democratic country.

2. A political party is an organisation of people who have similar views on political issues.
3. In a monarchy a king or queen has absolute power and the power to rule for life. Monarchy is hereditary.
4. In India untouchability is illegal and punishable.
5. Dalit author Omprakash Valmiki wrote the book “ Joothan : A dalits life “ .
6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade the discrimination based on race, colour , religion or national origin.

100. 1. If any party wins more than half the seatsin an election , it can form the government. It is called the ruling party. All other parties form the opposition.

2. Dictatopship is a form of goverment in which the power to rule rests with one person or a small group of people. Such power is obtained forcibly. A dictator takes away peoples freedom.
3. The government in India runs a midday meal scheme which provides meal to students in the school. Many poor children come to school in the hope of a free meal.All the students eat together which helps to reduce caste discrimination.
   D1. The key elements of democrcy are :-
   a) The peoples participation in the government
   b) The peoples freedom to express their views and critisize the government
   c) The peoples right to get equal treatment.

Class 7. civics

Democracy and Equality

A. 1. Democracy is a form of government in which the people govern themselves.

3. Franchise is the right to vote to elect representatives when one has reached the voting age. In India the voting age is 18 years.

B1. India is a democratic country.

2. A political party is an organisation of people who have similar views on political issues.
3. In a monarchy a king or queen has absolute power and the power to rule for life. Monarchy is hereditary.
4. In India untouchability is illegal and punishable.
5. Dalit author Omprakash Valmiki wrote the book “ Joothan : A dalits life “ .
6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade the discrimination based on race, colour , religion or national origin.

100. 1. If any party wins more than half the seatsin an election , it can form the government. It is called the ruling party. All other parties form the opposition.

2. Dictatopship is a form of goverment in which the power to rule rests with one person or a small group of people. Such power is obtained forcibly. A dictator takes away peoples freedom.
3. The government in India runs a midday meal scheme which provides meal to students in the school. Many poor children come to school in the hope of a free meal.All the students eat together which helps to reduce caste discrimination.

Class 4. INDIA 2016

INDIA

Ans 1. The neighbouring countries of India are:-

Pakistan and Afghanistan in the north west.

Nepal, Bhutan and China in the north.

Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east .

Sri Lanka and Maldives in the south.

Ans 3.The areas that are not large enough to become

states are union terretories.

Ans. 5. India has diverse landforms. People here have different cultures, speak different languages, wear different clothes, have different food habits and follow

different religions. In spite of all these differences we are united. So India is a land of unity in diversity.

Class 5 SSt 2016

THE EARTHS SURFACE


Ans 2. The Seven continents are:-
        Asia
        Africa
        North America
        South America
        Antarctica
        Europe
        Australia.

Ans 3. A rich variety of plants and animals in the ocean comprises the marine life .

Ans 4. The underwater mountain range on the ocean floor of the Atlantic ocean is known as the
        Mid Atlantic Ridge.

Ans 5. The Southern Ocean is the fourth largest ocean.
        It is located around the South Pole.
        It is near Antarctica.
        The Southern Ocean is the lower portions of the Pacific Ocean , the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.


                               STAYING CONNECTED
         1. THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF ROAD TRANSPORT IS THAT ROAD WAYS ARE VERY CONVINIENT FOR
             transporting people and goods on land.

          2.Water transport is cheap but it is a slow means of transport.
          3. In the prehistoric days people had no written language , so it was difficult to communicate with each other. They used sign language or made noises like animals. Slowly languages developed. Nowadays we keep a record of the happenings by writing .


4.Every day millions of newspapers are printed in many languages.We get news of the world from
newspapers, be it politics,sports, science and technology, business, history and culture.It is a means of mass communication.

Class6 history 2016

INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY.

A8. Literary sources are all written records of the past which are available to us in the form of handwritten documents. The two types of literary sources are :- Religious literature and Secular literature.

B1. History is a careful and systematic study of past events on the basis of available material remains and records.

2. The arrangement of past events in order of time is called chronology.

3. The origin of Bharatvarsha was the island continent Jambudweep.
4. Archaeology is the study of past human existence. eg. Tools, weapons, coins etc.
5. The two main types of source material are:-
   Archaeological
   Literary.
6. Coins give us the following information:-
   The ruler who issued it.
   The period of the rulers reign.
   The economic and social condition of that time.
7. Manuscripts are handwritten documents on materials such as birch bark and palm leaves in ancient India.

C1. Man evolved from a mere hunter and food gatherer to a farmer and then to a trader during the Ancient Period. He then went on to establish towns and then cities.

2. Artefacts are man made things like tools, weapons, pottery , toys , coins etc . They tell us about the skills of men at that time and about their lifestyle.
3. Inscriptions give a lot of information about :-
   The names of kings
   Dates of important events
   Extents of kingdoms and
   The languages in use and literary skills of the time.

D1. BC means Before Christ and AD means Anno Domini. AD is written Before the number and BC is written after the number. Eg,AD180. The dates for BC go backwards. Thus 232BC will come before 184 BC.

To calculate the number of years between a date in BC and AD the two should be added together . eg. 250 BC to AD 150 means a period of four hundred years.

class 6 sst geog 2016

EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

B1. A group of stars which forms a definite pattern is called a constellation.

2. Millions of stars together form a group called a galaxy. Our sun belongs to the galaxy :- Milky way .
3. The moon takes 27 days and 8 hours to go round the earth once.
4. An object designed by man to revolve round the earth or any other heavenly body is called an artificial satellite . Eg. INSAT 1.
5. The small celestial bodies that revovle around the sun , which are between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter are called asteroids or minor planets.

C1. The two stars at the head of the Big Dipper of the constellation Great Bear always point towards the pole star.They help navigators to find out the north direction.

2.A faint band of light in the sky is called the Milky Way . It is a band of stars in our galaxy. The sun is a part of this galaxy.

3.Planet Venus is the brightest planet. Mars looks red and Saturn has rings around it.

4. When meteorids enter the earth's atmosphere they start burning and cause a flash of light as they fall. We call them shooting stars or meteors.

D1. The Solar system consists of the sun, the eight planets , the moons, and other celestial bodies that move around the sun.Besides there are dwarf planets ,asteroids, meteoroids also move round the sun.

2. The planets have two types of motions_ rotation and revolution.
   Rotation:- Each planet spins or rotates on its axis. A day on a planet is the time taken by it to complete one rotation.eg. The earth takes 23 hours 56 minutes to complete one rotation.
   Revolution:- All the planets move round the sun on its orbit.
   3. The earth is the only planet which has life on it. The factors that support it are:-Moderate temperature, Water in liquid form and favourable atmosphere.

E2. Neptune is the coldest planet because it is the farthest planet from the sun.

CLASS 4 SST

Ans1.Sea water cannot be used for drinking or irrigation as it contains salt.

Ans 2. Rivers are full of water during the monsoon months , so very often there are floods during these months . The extra water simply flows into the sea. On the other hand , many rivers dry up during the hot summer months causing shortage of water.

4. What is Hydroelectricity?
   Electricity generated from the force of water in a dam is called hydroelectricity.